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Code de conduite européen sur les animaux de compagnie et les espèces exotiques envahissantes (2016)

Environment
Format : PDF PDF
032015FRA
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Keith Davenport, Jim Collins
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Les espèces exotiques envahissantes (EEE) ont été identifiées comme une des principales causes directes de la dégradation de la biodiversité et des changements dans les services écosystémiques. De nombreux instruments politiques et juridiques, lignes directrices et outils techniques internationaux ont été développés pour contrer cette menace. Cependant, les politiques européennes demandent des mesures volontaires supplémentaires afin de gérer les principales voies de pénétration des EEE dans la région. C’est pour cette raison que le Conseil de l’Europe, se fondant sur les principes de la Convention de Berne et avec l’appui technique du Groupe de spécialistes des espèces envahissantes de l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN), élabore une série d’instruments volontaires (codes de conduite et lignes directrices) visant un certain nombre de secteurs industriels et d’activités pouvant favoriser la pénétration d’espèces exotiques. Le développement de ces instruments peut jouer un rôle important dans la sensibilisation des principaux secteurs de la société.

La flore et la faune sauvages jouent un rôle essentiel dans la préservation des équilibres biologiques et fournissent des services écosystémiques qui contribuent au bien-être humain. Cependant, la dégradation de la biodiversité déstabilise d’ores et déjà les efforts faits pour améliorer le bien-être économique, social et environnemental en Europe et dans le monde, avec des conséquences visibles sur la qualité de vie des populations. La Convention de Berne, traité européen sur la conservation de la nature, vise à préserver la plus grande partie de notre patrimoine naturel et encourage la représentation et la participation au débat sur l’environnement. Plus d’informations sont disponibles sur www.coe.int/bernconvention/fr.
INTRODUCTION 
1. Justification d’un code
2. L’histoire des animaux de compagnie en Europe 
3. Le rôle social et la valeur économique des animaux de compagnie comme industrie et comme passe-temps en Europe
4. La grande diversité des propriétaires et des espèces d’animaux de compagnie
5. Origine des animaux de compagnie en Europe
6. Où les propriétaires se procurent-ils leurs animaux de compagnie ?
7. Quand les animaux de compagnie deviennent des espèces exotiques envahissantes (EEE) en Europe 
LE CODE DE CONDUITE
Destinataires et objectifs 
1. Sensibiliser aux EEE et aux problèmes qu’elles peuvent engendrer
2. Alerter les particuliers au fait qu’un animal de compagnie ne doit jamais être délibérément relâché dans la nature 
3. Sensibiliser les propriétaires au fait que la libération d’animaux de compagnie dans la nature constitue souvent un acte de cruauté
4. Encourager toutes les parties intéressées à connaître exactement ce qu’elles vendent ou échangent, et à vérifier que leurs clients savent ce qu’ils achètent
5. Elaborer des moyens d’éviter que les animaux de compagnie deviennent indésirables et prévoir des alternatives responsables à l’intention de ceux qui veulent s’en défaire 
6. Sensibiliser au caractère indigène ou non des espèces dans chaque région
7. Sensibiliser à la législation par des explications simples et adaptées au contexte, afin d’en faciliter et d’en promouvoir le respect par les intéressés
8. Encourager les partenariats et l’implication de tous les intéressés dans la recherche de solutions au problème des EEE
9. Inciter à signaler les animaux de compagnie observés dans la nature et lancer des réactions rapides
10. Promotion de la sensibilisation aux EEE et Internet
11. Faire connaître et utiliser les méthodes appropriées pour empêcher la fuite d’animaux familiers et d’animaux de compagnie dans la nature
12. Encourager, selon les besoins, le recours aux techniques qui réduisent le pouvoir envahissant des espèces détenues
13. Encourager l’élaboration de questionnaires simples dissuadant les commerçants et les acheteurs d’opter pour de “nouvelles” espèces potentiellement envahissantes 
14. Sensibiliser au réchauffement planétaire et à son impact sur le potentiel envahissant des espèces 
BIBLIOGRAPHIE
ANNEXES
Ann. I - Comment définir les animaux de compagnie? 
Ann. II - Bref historique de la possession d’animaux de compagnie en Europe
Ann. III - Importance économique et sociale de la possession d’animaux de compagnie en Europe 
Ann. IV - Législation 
Ann. V - Exemples d’initiatives actuelles 
Ann. VI - Commentaire sur DAISIE (Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe) 
Ann. VII - Autres suggestions ressorties des discussions du GSET de la CDB 
Ann. VIII - Brèves biographies des auteurs 
NOTES

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