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La lutte contre le discours de haine - Recommandation CM/Rec(2022)16 et exposé des motifs (2022)

Racism
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La recommandation part du principe que le discours de haine est un phénomène profondément enraciné, complexe et multidimensionnel. Il constitue une menace directe pour la démocratie et les droits de l’homme. De plus en plus présent en ligne et hors ligne, il porte non seulement atteinte aux droits essentiels et aux libertés fondamentales des individus, mais il humilie et marginalise également les individus et les groupes ciblés.

La recommandation fournit une définition pratique du discours de haine qui distingue différents niveaux en fonction de leur gravité et appelle à la mise en oeuvre de mesures adéquatement calibrées et proportionnées. Les États membres sont invités à adopter un cadre juridique et politique efficace couvrant le droit pénal, civil et administratif, et à mettre en place et en oeuvre des mesures alternatives, y compris la sensibilisation, l’éducation, l’utilisation du contre-discours et du discours alternatif. Les États sont également encouragés à mettre en place des mécanismes de soutien pour aider les personnes visées par le discours de haine, à effectuer un suivi et à s’engager dans la coopération internationale et la coordination nationale.

Des conseils sont également fournis aux autres parties prenantes concernées qui jouent un rôle crucial dans la mise en place de stratégies globales de prévention et de lutte contre le discours de haine, notamment les agents publics, les organes élus et les partis politiques, les intermédiaires de l’internet, les médias et les organisations de la société civile.
RECOMMANDATION CM/REC(2022)16 
Préambule 
Annexe à la Recommandation CM/Rec(2022)16 
Principes et lignes directrices pour une approche globale de la lutte contre le discours de haine 
EXPOSÉ DES MOTIFS 
Introduction 
1. Portée, définition et approche 
2. Cadre juridique 
Droit pénal 
Droit civil et administratif 
Législation relative au discours de haine en ligne 
3. Recommandations adressées aux acteurs clés 
Agents publics, organes élus et partis politiques 
Intermédiaires d’internet 
Médias 
Organisations de la société civile 
4. Sensibilisation, éducation, formation et recours au contre-discours et au discours alternatif 
5. Soutien aux personnes visées par le discours de haine 
6. Suivi et analyse du discours de haine 
7. Coordination nationale et coopération internationale