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The impact of blockchains for Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law (2022)

Artificial intelligence

Format : PDF PDF

Ref. 181222ENG

Type of document :

Document

Format :

PDF

Language :

English

Size :

932 KB

Number of pages :

45

Author(s) : Prof. Florence G’sell - Prof. Florian Martin-Bariteau

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Summary
Table of contents

New report released by the Information Society Department of the Council of Europe.

This report explores the risks and potential benefits of blockchain technology for democracy, human rights and the rule of law.

It aims to showcase use cases and flag potential issues, as well as to provide initial recommendations to the Council of Europe for additional research and prospective programming regarding blockchain technologies.

The report highlights some of the promising features of blockchain technology and various types of implementation, from cryptocurrencies, to smart contracts, to distributed autonomous organizations (DAOs) and non-fungible tokens (NFTs).

It also presents some of the important limitations that may impede fundamental rights.

Executive Summary
Introduction
1. A Primer on Blockchains

What is a blockchain?

Cryptocurrencies

“Smart” Contracts

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs)

Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)

Criticism of Blockchains

2. Opportunities for Human Rights and Democracy

Fostering Freedom Through Pseudo-Anonymity

Benefits of Pseudo-Anonymity for Fundamental Freedoms

Limits of Pseudo-Anonymity

Strengthening Anonymity on Blockchain Platforms

Supporting Digital Identity

Controlling Identification: The Concept of “Self-Sovereign Identity” (SSI)

Enabling Informational Self-Determination

Supporting Refugees and Vulnerable Populations

Providing Identity to Refugees

Combating Child and Human Trafficking

Managing and Distributing Aid and Resources

Supporting the Unbanked Population

Supporting Labour Rights

Adverse Effects

Reducing Human Rights Abuses in Supply Chain

Protecting Land Titles and Real Estate Ownership

Supporting Voting and Democratic Transparency

Powering Dispute Resolution and Justice Systems

3. Legal Issues Regarding Distributed Technologies

Personal Data Protection Concerns

Conflict of Laws and Jurisdictions

Smart “Contracts”

Legal Status

Automation and Immutability

Scripting Legal Terms and Interpreting Computer Code

Enforcement and Execution

Necessary Limits

Legal Status of Distributed Automated Organizations

Conclusion
Appendix—Blockchains and the European Convention on Human Rights

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