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Mesures contre le commerce de biens utilisés pour la peine de mort, la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants (2025)

Death penalty
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Comité directeur pour les droits humains (CDDH), Conseil de l'Europe
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Rapport du CDDH sur la mise en œuvre de la Recommandation CM/Rec(2021)2 sur des mesures contre le commerce de biens utilisés pour la peine de mort, la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants

En 2021, le Comité des Ministres a adopté la Recommandation CM/Rec(2021)2 aux États membres sur des mesures contre le commerce des biens utilisés pour la peine de mort, la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants. Cette recommandation répondait à l’urgence d’établir des « normes internationales communes et agréés de manière multilatérale sur le commerce d’équipements qui sont intrinsèquement cruels, inhumains ou dégradants, ainsi que d’équipements et d’armes des forces de l’ordre et autres biens pertinents pouvant être utilisés à mauvais escient pour la peine de mort, la torture et autres traitements ou peines cruels, inhumains ou dégradants ».

Près de cinq ans après son adoption, le Comité directeur pour les droits humains (CDDH) a procédé à un examen de la mise en œuvre de la recommandation. Cet examen s’est appuyé sur diverses sources, dont les réponses à un questionnaire du CDDH reçues de 25 États membres du Conseil de l’Europe, les débats et conclusions de l’Atelier du CDDH sur le « Renforcement des efforts multilatéraux visant à limiter le commerce des biens utilisés pour la torture et la peine de mort », qui s’est tenu lors de la réunion plénière du CDDH en novembre 2024 à Strasbourg, et les informations fournies par des organisations européennes, internationales et de la société civile actives dans ce domaine.

La présente publication présente le rapport adopté par le CDDH lors de sa réunion plénière de juin 2025 à Strasbourg. Ce rapport examine la mise en œuvre de chacune des mesures contenues dans la Recommandation CM/Rec(2021)2 et formule des conclusions et des recommandations pour d’éventuelles mesures supplémentaires à prendre par le Comité des Ministres, y compris une possible révision des annexes à la Recommandation qui énumèrent les biens interdits et contrôlés, afin de tenir compte de l’évolution de la situation internationale et de faire face aux risques émergents.
I. Introduction 
II. Examen de la mise en oeuvre de CM/Rec(2021)2 
1. Révision régulière des législations et pratiques nationales et large diffusion des principes énoncés dans l'Annexe 
[Recommandation, paragraphes 1 et 2] 
i. Révision des législations et pratiques nationales [Recommandation, paragraphe 1] 
ii. Large diffusion des principes énoncés dans l'Annexe [Recommandation, paragraphe 2] 
2. Sur les mesures concernant le commerce des biens et équipements intrinsèquement abusifs [Recommandation, Annexe, 1] 
i. Liste des biens et équipements interdits
ii. Destruction des stocks de marchandises et d'équipements interdits 
iii. Interdiction de la publicité pour les biens et équipements interdits 
iv. Interdiction de fournir une assistance technique et une formation en rapport avec les biens et équipements interdits 
v. Des sanctions efficaces, proportionnées et dissuasives 
3. Sur les mesures concernant l'exportation et le transit de certains produits chimiques pharmaceutiques [Recommandation, Annexe, 2] 
4. Sur les mesures concernant le commerce des biens et équipements destinés au maintien de l’ordre [Recommandation, Annexe, 3] 
5. Sur l'échange, la diffusion et la coopération en matière d'information [Recommandation, Annexe, 4]
6. Sur le soutien aux États non-membres [Recommandation, Annexe, 5] 
7. Sur l'action dans d'autres organisations internationales [Recommandation, Annexe, 6] 
III. Conclusions et recommandations 
1. Conclusions 
2. Recommandations en vue d'éventuelles actions supplémentaires

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