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Surveillance de l'exécution des arrêts et décision de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme 2020 - 14e rapport annuel du Comité des Ministres (2021)

European Convention on Human Rights
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Des progrès ont été réalisés malgré la pandémie de Covid en 2020, mais des efforts supplémentaires sont nécesaires

Le rapport annuel du Comité des Ministres présente un aperçu des principaux développements concernant l’exécution des arrêts et des décisions de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. Il fournit également des statistiques concernant notamment les affaires nouvelles, pendantes et closes, les plans et bilans d’action soumis par les États défendeurs, ainsi que la satisfaction équitable octroyée aux requérants.

Malgré les difficultés liées à la pandémie, l’année 2020 a vu un renforcement significatif du processus d’exécution, grâce à un nombre record de communications émanant d’organisations de la société civile et d’institutions nationales de défense des droits de l’homme et à la toute première soumission au Comité des Ministres d’une communication au titre de la Règle 9 par la Commissaire aux droits de l’homme du Conseil de l’Europe, rapidement suivie de quatre autres. 

Néanmoins, de sérieux défis continuent d’être soulevés dans le contexte de l’exécution de nombreuses affaires, en particulier celles concernant des affaires interétatiques et d’autres affaires liées à des situations postconflictuelles et à des conflits non résolus, des arrêts de l’«article 18» concernant des limitations abusives des droits et libertés et des problèmes systémiques/structurels, tels que des mauvais traitements ou des décès causés par les forces de sécurité et des enquêtes ineffectives, ainsi que des conditions de détention non conformes à la Convention.

Afin de relever ces défis avec succès, la capacité des États membres à exécuter rapidement, pleinement et de manière effective les arrêts de la Cour doit être renforcée et accompagnée d’un engagement politique de haut niveau ainsi que du soutien du Conseil de l’Europe.

FRA - La surveillance de l’exécution des arrêts de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme from Council of Europe OP Services on Vimeo.

I. PRÉFACE PAR LES PRÉSIDENTS DES RÉUNIONS DROITS DE L’HOMME 
II. APERÇU DES PRINCIPAUX DÉVELOPPEMENTS PAR LE DIRECTEUR GÉNÉRAL DE LA DIRECTION GÉNÉRALE DROITS DE L’HOMME ET ÉTAT DE DROIT 
Introduction 
Affaires interétatiques et autres liées à des situations postconflits ou à des conflits non résolus 
Affaires « article 18 » concernant les limitations abusives des droits et libertés 
Problèmes systémiques/structurels et progrès 
Vers un renforcement du processus d’exécution 
Conclusion 
III. ACTIVITÉS DE SENSIBILISATION (ACTIVITÉS DE COOPÉRATION, D’INFORMATION ET DE COMMUNICATION) 
A. Activités du Service de l’exécution des arrêts de la Cour européenne 
B. Programmes généraux de coopération, Plans d’Action nationaux 
C. Projets de coopération ciblés liés à la Convention 
IV. STATISTIQUES 
A. Aperçu global 
A.1. Nouvelles affaires 
A.2. Affaires pendantes 
A.3. Affaires closes 
B. Nouvelles affaires 
B.1. Affaires de référence ou répétitives 
B.2. Surveillance soutenue ou standard 
B.3. Nouvelles affaires – État par État 
C. Affaires pendantes 
C.1. Affaires de référence ou répétitives 
C.2. Surveillance soutenue ou standard 
C.3. Affaires pendantes – État par État 
D. Affaires closes 
D.1. Affaires de référence ou répétitives 
D.2. Surveillance soutenue ou standard 
D.3. Affaires closes – État par État 
E. Processus de surveillance 
E.1. Plans d’action / Bilans d’action 
E.2. Interventions du Comité des Ministres 
E.3. Transferts affaires de référence/groupes d'affaires 
E.4. Contributions d’ONG et d’INDH 
E.5. Principaux thèmes des affaires de référence sous surveillance soutenue 
E.6. Principaux États ayant des affaires de référence sous surveillance soutenue 
F. Durée du processus d'exécution 
F.1. Affaires de référence pendantes 
F.2. Affaires de référence closes
G. Satisfaction équitable 
G.1. Satisfaction équitable octroyée 
G.2. Respect des délais de paiement 
H. Statistiques additionnelles 
H.1. Aperçu des règlements amiables et affaires « JBE » 
H.2. Affaires « JBE » et règlements amiables – État par État 
V. NOUVEAUX ARRÊTS COMPORTANT DES INDICATIONS PERTINENTES POUR L’EXÉCUTION 
A. Arrêts pilotes devenus définitifs en 2020 
B. Arrêts comportant des indications pertinentes pour l’exécution (en vertu de l’article 46) devenus définitifs en 2020 
VI. INFORMATIONS COMPLÉMENTAIRES SUR L’EXÉCUTION DES ARRÊTS 
A. Internet 
B. Publications 
ANNEXE – GLOSSAIRE

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