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Internet et campagnes électorales - Étude relative à l’utilisation d’internet dans le cadre des campagnes électorales (2018)

Internet
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039818FRA
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Comité d’Experts sur le pluralisme des médias et la transparence de leur propriété (MSI-MED)
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Cette étude aborde les implications de la transition de la publicité électorale à l’internet, en particulier concernant les dépenses électorales et les techniques publicitaires discutables basées sur le micro-ciblage des électeurs par le biais de messages personnalisés.

L’étude révèle un certain nombre de préoccupations touchant l’équité et la légitimité du processus électoral, telles le manque de transparence des dépenses électorales, les messages et algorithmes utilisés dans la publicité numérique, les atteintes à grande échelle à la vie privée, le manque de filtres journalistiques pour valider les messages politiques, l’augmentation de la désinformation et les lacunes dans la règlementation des campagnes électorales (par exemple, l’impossibilité d’appliquer les périodes d’interdiction de la diffusion de sondages ou d’activités de campagne).

Elle conclut que le cadre règlementaire actuel ne suffit plus à garantir l’équité des règles du jeu politique et à limiter le rôle de l’argent dans les élections. L’étude identifie plusieurs secteurs où la législation en matière d’élections et de médias devrait être revisitée et renforcée.

INTRODUCTION
1. DYSFONCTIONNEMENTS POSSIBLES (MÉDIAS SOCIAUX, ÉLECTIONS ET LÉGITIMITÉ DÉMOCRATIQUE)
2. CONTEXTE : RÉGLEMENTER POUR DES CAMPAGNES ÉLECTORALES ÉQUITABLES, CORRECTES ET CLAIRES
(a) Objectifs
(b) Normes et principes internationaux
3. LA RÉALITÉ DES CAMPAGNES POLITIQUES EN MUTATION
(a) Dépenses
(b) Les nouvelles techniques de marketing numérique et leur application à la vie politique
4. LES PROBLÈMES QUE POURRAIENT SUSCITER LES NOUVELLES TECHNIQUES NUMÉRIQUES
(a) Réglementation des campagnes électorales
(b) Transparence
(c) Campagnes misant sur des questions controversées
(d) « Redlining politique »
(e) Intermédiaires
(f ) Déontologie du journalisme et autorégulation
(g) Vie privée
(h) Tracer les sources de financement
(i) Synthèse : les nouvelles menaces qui pourraient empêcher les campagnes électorales d’être équitables, correctes et claires
5. CONCLUSIONS
RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES