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Defending Press Freedom in Times of Tension and Conflict (2022)

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Annual Report 2022 by the partner organisations to the Council of Europe Platform to Promote the Protection of Journalism and Safety of Journalists

This publication presents the annual assessment of threats to media freedom in the Council of Europe’s member states in 2021, by the partner organisations to the Safety of Journalists Platform.

The Platform was set up by the Council of Europe in 2015, in co-operation with prominent international NGOs active in the field of the freedom of expression and associations of journalists, to facilitate the collection and dissemination of information on serious threats to media freedom and safety of journalists in the Council of Europe’s member states. The Platform enables the Council of Europe to be alerted in a timely and systematic way to these threats and to take co-ordinated and prompt action when necessary. Its objective is to improve the protection of journalists, better address threats and violence against media professionals and enhance the response capacity within the Council of Europe.
UPDATE: INVASION OF UKRAINE BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ITS IMPACT ON MEDIA FREEDOM 
INTRODUCTION 
Overview of alerts and sources of major concern in 2021 
SUMMARY OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS 
THEMATIC SECTIONS 
Attacks on physical safety and integrity of journalists 
Developments regarding impunity cases in Europe 
Covid-19-related restrictions 
Detentions, arrests and criminal prosecution 
SLAPPs and defamation lawsuits 
Restrictive legislation 
Restrictions on reporting from designated areas 
Harassment and smear campaigns 
Public Service Media 
Media capture and concentration of ownership 
Pegasus spyware used to target journalists in Europe 
Kosovo * 
Belarus 
INSTITUTIONAL SECTIONS 
Council of Europe 
European Union

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