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Principes de gouvernances des médias et de la communication - Recommandation CM/Rec(2022)11 et exposé des motifs (2022)

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Les sociétés démocratiques sont confrontées à une transformation structurelle de la sphère publique. La gouvernance des médias et de la communication doit donc être modernisée. Elle doit couvrir à la fois les médias et les plateformes de manière à garantir des conditions égales pour tous et un degré de protection approprié contre les ingérences indues, tout en clarifiant leurs obligations et responsabilités respectives dans l’esprit des normes et valeurs du Conseil de l’Europe. À cette fin, la recommandation contient quinze principes procéduraux et matériels qui ont pour but d’inspirer la gouvernance des médias et de la communication dans les États membres du Conseil de l’Europe.

Les principes procéduraux comprennent la transparence et la responsabilité, l’ouverture et le caractère inclusif, l’indépendance et l’impartialité, le choix de gouvernance fondés sur des informations factuelles et orientés vers des objectifs précis ainsi que la réactivité et la flexibilité.

Le principe matériel primordial applicable à toutes les étapes du processus de communication, à savoir la production, la diffusion et l’utilisation, consiste à promouvoir les droits de l’homme et les libertés fondamentales dans la communication. Les principes matériels relatifs à la production des médias et à la communication comprennent la garantie de la liberté des médias et la promotion du pluralisme des médias, la préservation de la viabilité du journalisme, la transparence de la production de contenu et le respect
des obligations relatives aux contenus et des normes professionnelles.

Les principes matériels concernant la diffusion exigent d’assurer le fonctionnement des marchés et protéger les données personnelles dans la diffusion de contenus, faire face aux risques posés par les plateformes diffusant du contenu illicite ou licite mais préjudiciable et de limiter les risques liés à l’organisation, à la sélection et à la hiérarchisation de contenus par algorithmes. Enfin, les principes concernant l’utilisation impliquent de garantir les droits de l’homme et les libertés fondamentales dans l’usage des médias et des plateformes et de doter les utilisateurs des outils nécessaires pour un usage responsable des canaux de communication.
RECOMMANDATION CM/REC(2022)11 
Préambule 
Annexe à la Recommandation CM/Rec(2022)11 
EXPOSÉ DES MOTIFS 
Introduction 
Méthodes de travail 
Commentaires sur la Recommandation CM/Rec(2022)11 du Comité des Ministres aux États membres sur les principes de gouvernance des médias et de la communication 
Instruments de référence