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Pratiques comparées concernant l’utilisation d’informations recueillies dans des zones de conflit comme preuves dans le cadre de procédures pénales (2024)

Terrorism
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Des conseils pratiques destinés aux praticiens pour les aider dans les enquêtes et les poursuites des crimes de terrorisme et d'autres crimes, y compris les violations du droit international humanitaire commises dans le contexte des conflits armés.

Depuis plus de quarante ans, le Conseil de l’Europe contribue à l’élaboration et au renforcement de normes juridiques essentielles pour prévenir et réprimer les actes de terrorisme. Suivant une approche globale, il travaille à aider les États membres à lutter plus efficacement contre le terrorisme, en renforçant et améliorant leur législation nationale, facilitant ainsi la coopération internationale. Dans le plein respect des droits humains et de l’État de droit, le Conseil de l’Europe œuvre en permanence à améliorer la coopération internationale pour traduire les terroristes en justice.

La présente publication est le fruit d'une collaboration entre le Comité de lutte contre le terrorisme du Conseil de l'Europe (CDCT) et l'Institut International pour la Justice et L'Etat de Droit (IIJ), avec le soutien du Département d'Etat des Etats-Unis. Elle reflète les pratiques à partir d'informations recueillies dans les zones de conflit des Etats membres et observateurs du Conseil de l'Europe, informations qui ont été aimablement fournies par les autorités nationales.
AVANT-PROPOS 
RÉSUMÉ 
1. Sources et types d’informations 
2. Mécanismes permettant d’accéder aux informations et de les partager 
3. Étapes de l’analyse et de l’utilisation des informations 
INTRODUCTION 
1. INFORMATIONS RECUEILLIES DANS DES ZONES DE CONFLIT : SOURCES ET TYPOLOGIE 
1.1. Sources d’informations 
1.1.1. Sources nationales 
1.1.2. Sources officielles étrangères et mécanismes de partage entre pays 
1.1.3. Acteurs multilatéraux 
1.1.4. Acteurs non gouvernementaux 
1.2. Types d’informations 
1.2.1. Matérielles 
1.2.2. Numériques 
1.2.3. Sur papier 
1.2.4. Interceptées et générées par satellite ou drone 
1.2.5. Déclarations et témoignages 
2. MÉCANISMES PERMETTANT D’ACCÉDER AUX INFORMATIONS ET DE LES PARTAGER 
2.1. Coordination et partage des informations au niveau national 
2.1.1. Cadres juridiques nationaux 
2.1.2. Mécanismes de coordination interagences 
2.1.3. Procédures de déclassification 
2.2. Coopération internationale 
2.2.1. Coordination informelle avec des homologues étrangers 
2.2.2. Conditions à la communication d’informations 
2.2.3. Partage d’informations par les voies policières ou judiciaires officielles 
2.2.4. Bases de données intergouvernementales et initiatives de partage des informations 
2.2.5. Coordination avec des acteurs multilatéraux 
2.3. Informations des acteurs non gouvernementaux 
3. ÉTAPES DE L’ANALYSE ET DE L’UTILISATION DES INFORMATIONS 
3.1. Normes et garanties en matière de droits humains 
3.2. Analyse à des fins de constitution du dossier 
3.2.1. Évaluation et utilisation des informations pour ouvrir des pistes d’enquête 
3.2.2. Partage spontané avec des autorités étrangères 
3.3. De l’information à la preuve 
3.3.1. Considérations sur la recevabilité 
3.3.2. Protection des intérêts de sécurité nationale 
3.4. Confirmation de l’authenticité, de la fiabilité et de la valeur probante
3.4.1. Documents, mises en contexte et résultats d’analyses techniques 
3.4.2. Preuves matérielles ou numériques supplémentaires 
3.4.3. Témoignages concordants 
3.5. Utilisation dans le cadre d’autres infractions que le terrorisme 
CONCLUSION 
QUESTIONS FRÉQUEMMENT POSÉES PAR LES PRATICIENS (FAQ)

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