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Meaningful youth political participation in Europe: concepts, patterns and policy implications - Research study (2021)

Youth in Europe
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Ondřej Bárta, Georg Boldt, Anna Lavizzari
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Young people's political participation has many diverse forms - it can be conventional and unconventional, including activities such as voting, being members of political parties, serving on a local youth council, engaging through a youth organisation or taking part in online political activism, boycotts or a protest movement. Contemporary engagement of young people in political processes is taking place within the context of a shrinking space for civil society, rapid digitalisation, advancement of populist ideologies, increased inequalities, a rise of global youth movements and a health pandemic.

The study “Meaningful youth political participation in Europe: concepts, patterns and policy implications” examines young people’s participation within this changing context, by reflecting on the key concepts of political participation, types of democratic environments within which young people engage with the system and various mechanisms of participation.

Both conventional and unconventional types of participation are covered in this study. Avenues for conventional participation are explored through a reflection on the idea of political socialisation and learning democratic values through participation and non-formal learning. It follows with the presentation of concepts, examples, opportunities and challenges related to unconventional participation, and in particular the examination of inequality and exclusion. The study concludes with the reflections on the latest developments and future trends for youth political participation, with a focus on the context of the Covid-19 pandemic and recommendations for facilitating young people’s political participation.
List of figures 
List of tables 
List of abbreviations 
INTRODUCTION 
SECTION I – KEY CONCEPTS IN MEANINGFUL YOUTH POLITICAL PARTICIPATION 
1. Political participation 
2. Youth political participation 
3. Meaningful youth political participation 
4. Types of democratic environments 
5. Reconstructing meaningful youth political participation 
SECTION II – CONVENTIONAL YOUTH POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, TRANSFORMATIVE EXPERIENCES AND CULTURES OF PARTICIPATION 
1. Meaningful conventional youth political participation and participatory democracy 
2. Conventional youth participation practices 
3. Case study: youth councils 
4. Case study: participatory budgeting 
5. Youth as active citizens 
6. Cultural sensitivity in conventional youth political participation 
SECTION III – UNCONVENTIONAL YOUTH POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND YOUTH ACTIVISM 
1. Unconventional youth political participation 
2. Youth activism in social movements and do-it-ourselves politics 
3. Socio-political contexts, conditions and resources of unconventional youth political participation 
4. Intersectionality and patterns of exclusion 
5. Case study: the climate justice movement 
6. Outcomes and future trends of unconventional youth political participation 
SECTION IV – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 
Always consider the aims and democratic environments when debating the meaningfulness of youth political participation 
Avoid treating youth political participation activities as universally helpful 
Consider the advantages of using participatory democracy mechanisms in conventional youth political participation practice 
Consider the “cultural toolkits” of young people from various backgrounds when creating conventional youth political participation opportunities 
Be aware of strengthening prefigurative politics and the transnational character of current unconventional youth political participation 
Consider intersectionality when exploring youth engagement in unconventional youth political participation 
REFERENCES

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