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Lignes directrices relatives au respect, à la protection et à la réalisation des droits de l’enfant dans l’environnement numérique - Recommandation CM/Rec(2018)7 du Comité des Ministres (2018)

Children and the Internet
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Les enfants ont besoin d’une protection particulière lorsqu'ils sont en ligne et doivent apprendre à éviter les dangers et utiliser au mieux internet. A cette fin, les enfants doivent devenir des citoyens numériques.

Les Lignes directrices relatives au respect, à la protection et à la réalisation des droits de l’enfant dans l’environnement numérique ont été adoptées par le Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l’Europe le 4 juillet 2018. La présente publication comporte les recommandations adressées à l’ensemble des États membres du Conseil de l’Europe, suivies de diverses parties thématiques fort utiles, destinées à donner aux États des éléments d’orientation à propos des principes et des droits fondamentaux, des principes opérationnels et des mesures qui visent à respecter, à protéger et à réaliser les droits de l’enfant dans l’environnement numérique, des cadres nationaux, ainsi que de la coopération et de la coordination internationales.

Les lignes directrices ont pour objet d’aider les États et les autres parties prenantes à adopter une approche stratégique complète de l’édification et de la teneur du monde souvent complexe de l’environnement numérique. Il est primordial, dans cet environnement, d’assurer l’interaction et la sécurité des enfants. Parmi les nombreux sujets abordés, figurent la protection des données à caractère personnel, la fourniture de contenus adaptés aux enfants et à l’évolution de leurs capacités, les lignes d’urgence et les lignes d’assistance téléphonique, la vulnérabilité et la résilience, ainsi que le rôle et les responsabilités des entreprises commerciales. Les lignes directrices appellent par ailleurs les États à faire participer les enfants, y compris au processus décisionnel, afin que la politique nationale traite de manière satisfaisante de l’évolution de l’environnement numérique.

Ces lignes directrices présentent un intérêt pour un très large public, depuis les services des pouvoirs publics, les professionnels, la société civile, les secteurs des entreprises et de l’industrie, jusqu’aux familles et aux enfants eux-mêmes.
AVANT-PROPOS
RECOMMANDATION CM/REC(2018)7 DU COMITÉ DES MINISTRES AUX ÉTATS MEMBRES SUR LES LIGNES DIRECTRICES RELATIVES AU RESPECT, À LA PROTECTION ET À LA RÉALISATION DES DROITS DE L’ENFANT DANS L’ENVIRONNEMENT NUMÉRIQUE
PRÉAMBULE
LIGNES DIRECTRICES RELATIVES AU RESPECT, À LA PROTECTION ET À LA RÉALISATION DES DROITS DE L’ENFANT DANS L’ENVIRONNEMENT NUMÉRIQUE
1. OBJET ET CHAMP D’APPLICATION
2. DROITS ET PRINCIPES FONDAMENTAUX
2.1. Intérêt supérieur de l’enfant
2.2. Capacités d’évolution de l’enfant
2.3. Droit à la non-discrimination
2.4. Droit d’être entendu
2.5. Obligation de mobiliser d’autres parties prenantes
3. MESURES ET PRINCIPES OPÉRATIONNELS VISANT À ASSURER LE RESPECT, LA PROTECTION ET LA RÉALISATION DES DROITS DE L’ENFANT DANS L’ENVIRONNEMENT NUMÉRIQUE
3.1. Accès à l’environnement numérique
3.2. Droit à la liberté d’expression et d’information
3.3. Participation, droit au jeu et droit de réunion et d’association
3.4. Vie privée et protection des données
3.5. Droit à l’éducation
3.6. Droit à la protection et à la sécurité
3.7. Recours
4. CADRES NATIONAUX
4.1. Cadre juridique
4.2. Cadres politiques et institutionnels
4.3. Coopération et coordination au niveau national
5. COOPÉRATION ET COORDINATION INTERNATIONALES