Protection of individuals with regard to automatic processing of personal data in the context of profiling - Recommendation CM/Rec(2021)8 (2021)

In the last decade, profiling techniques have radically evolved, notably with the introduction of artificial intelligence and the use of machine learning systems. If these techniques can have benefits in the everyday life, they can impact individuals by placing them in predetermined categories, very often without their knowledge. This lack of transparency can pose significant risks to human rights, particularly for
vulnerable persons, including children.

This recommendation, which updates a 2010 recommendation on the same topic, aims to align its provisions with the modernised data protection
“Convention 108”, known as “Convention 108+”. It provides that respect for fundamental rights and freedoms, notably human dignity, privacy,
freedom of expression, non-discrimination, social justice, cultural diversity and democracy should be guaranteed in both the public and private sectors during all profiling operations.