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Sécurité et autonomisation en ligne des utilisateurs et des créateurs de contenu - Recommandation CM/Rec(2026)4 et exposé des motifs (2026)

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Le Conseil de l’Europe appelle à une plus grande transparence et à un contrôle renforcé des algorithmes des plateformes en ligne

La Recommandation CM/Rec(2026)4 constitue une avancée significative dans la régulation des plateformes en plaçant les droits humains au cœur de l’environnement en ligne. Elle reconnaît que des espaces numériques sûrs sont essentiels à la liberté d’expression et appelle à des cadres juridiques assurant un contrôle public et une supervision démocratique de la manière dont les plateformes remplissent leurs responsabilités en matière de droits humains. L’accent se déplace des restrictions de contenu vers des exigences portant sur la conception et les systèmes, y compris la curation algorithmique et la modération des contenus. Des mesures efficaces d’évaluation et d’atténuation des risques sont donc attendues des plateformes plus influentes. L’autonomisation des utilisateurs, grâce à la transparence, des outils conviviaux de personnalisation, des voies de recours effectives et des moyens d’action collective, est considérée comme un élément clé de la sécurité en ligne. La recommandation fixe aussi des attentes visà-vis des créateurs de contenus responsables et insiste sur des mesures ciblées pour protéger et autonomiser les femmes et les filles, ainsi que les groupes vulnérables, y compris les enfants. En combinant régulation, responsabilité et autonomisation, elle ouvre la voie à une approche de la sécurité en ligne fondée sur les droits humains, dans laquelle la protection de la liberté d’expression et la sécurité des utilisateurs vont de pair.
RECOMMANDATION CM/REC(2026)4 
Préambule 
Annexe à la Recommandation CM/Rec(2026)4 sur la sécurité et l’autonomisation en ligne des utilisateurs et des créateurs de contenu
Principes pour la sécurité et l’autonomisation en ligne des utilisateurs et des créateurs de contenu 
EXPOSÉ DES MOTIFS 
Préambule 
Annexe à la Recommandation – Principes pour la sécurité et l’autonomisation en ligne des utilisateurs et des créateurs de contenu 
I. Raison d’être, champ d’application et définitions 
II. Risques en ligne relatifs à la liberté d’expression 
III. Principes généraux d’un environnement en ligne favorable 
IV. Principes applicables aux cadres juridiques sur la sécurité en ligne et l’autonomisation des utilisateurs, à leur déploiement et à leur mise en oeuvre 
V. Mesures d’autonomisation en ligne des utilisateurs

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