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Modèle de cadre pour une stratégie d'intégration interculturelle au niveau national (2021)

Living Together - Diversity and Freedom in Europe
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Stratégies d’intégration interculturelle: gérer la diversité comme une opportunité

Élaboré par le Groupe de travail sur l'intégration interculturelle (GT-ADI-INT), le Modèle de cadre a pour but de guider les praticiens et praticiennes des politiques nationales dans leurs efforts pour concevoir des politiques d'intégration qui contribuent à la construction de sociétés inclusives et cohésives.

Ce document est une source d'inspiration et d'idées étayée par une multitude d'expériences, de résultats et de bonnes pratiques recueillis à tous les niveaux de gouvernance grâce à la composition multiniveaux du GT-ADI-INT, le premier groupe de travail intergouvernemental réunissant des autorités nationales et locales.

Les principales sources sur lesquelles se fonde le Modèle de cadre sont les suivantes:
• Les normes du Conseil de l'Europe et les réflexions des organes de suivi, notamment la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme, la Convention sur la participation des étrangers à la vie publique au niveau local, ainsi que de nombreuses Recommandations et Lignes directrices du Comité des Ministres du Conseil de l'Europe et les Recommandations de politique générale de l'ECRI. Le document s'inspire également d'autres textes faisant autorité, tels que "Time for Europe to get migrant integration right", document de réflexion publié par le Commissaire aux droits de l'homme du Conseil de l'Europe ;
• L'expérience et la pratique des États membres, recueillies entre autres, mais pas exclusivement, grâce à l'examen de la mise en œuvre de la recommandation CM/Rec(2015)1 sur l'intégration interculturelle (voir le rapport d'examen adopté par le CDADI en février 2021) ;
• Les résultats des Laboratoires des politiques des Cités interculturelles et les bonnes pratiques. Réalisés dans le cadre du programme Cités interculturelles entre 2017 et 2019, les Laboratoires des politiques étaient des espaces de discussion entre les responsables locaux, régionaux et nationaux sur les objectifs communs, la compréhension et la vision des politiques d'intégration fondées sur les droits humains qui favorisent la cohésion communautaire et l'interaction interculturelle positive. Les connaissances recueillies lors de ces Laboratoires ont été complétées par la vaste compilation de bonnes pratiques collectées chaque année dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du programme Cités interculturelles.

Le Modèle de cadre montre également comment tous les domaines d'action peuvent contribuer à une intégration réussie, à tirer parti de l'avantage de la diversité et à promouvoir des sociétés plus inclusives, en particulier s'ils sont coordonnés par une approche multiniveaux, impliquant la coopération de tous les niveaux de gouvernement. Enfin, une matrice détaillée présente un grand nombre d'exemples de la manière dont les principes de l'intégration interculturelle peuvent être traduits en politiques.
RÉSUMÉ 
Préambule 
INTRODUCTION 
Avantages des politiques de migration et d’intégration bien gérées 
Définitions clés pour une compréhension commune des termes employés dans ce document 
CHAPITRE 1 – LOGIQUE ET FINALITÉS D’UNE STRATÉGIE D’INTÉGRATION INTERCULTURELLE 
Qu’est-ce que l’intégration interculturelle ? 
Pourquoi l’intégration interculturelle ? 
CHAPITRE 2 – PRINCIPES D’UNE STRATÉGIE D’INTÉGRATION INTERCULTURELLE 
Garantir l’égalité 
Valoriser la diversité 
Favoriser une interaction significative 
Citoyenneté et participation actives 
CHAPITRE 3 – TABLEAU DE LA POLITIQUE D’INTÉGRATION INTERCULTURELLE 
CHAPITRE 4 – STRUCTURE D’UNE STRATÉGIE D’INTÉGRATION INTERCULTURELLE 
Une analyse factuelle du problème à résoudre 
Un objectif global lié aux défis de l’intégration interculturelle 
Un ensemble d’objectifs contribuant à atteindre cet objectif général 
Des programmes et projets, à élaborer conjointement avec les utilisateurs et les utilisatrices 
Les structures/mécanismes nécessaires à la mise en place d’un cadre cohérent 
Des acteurs désignés afin d’assumer certaines responsabilités, avec le concours des utilisateurs et utilisatrices 
Le volume et la provenance des ressources nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre 
Les vecteurs et le public cible de la communication de la politique 
Mesures en vue du suivi et de l’évaluation de son efficacité 
Moyens nécessaires à l’examen et à la révision de la politique