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Catalog

Newsletter

Bonnes pratiques pour un financement durable des médias d'information (2024)

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Comité d’experts sur le renforcement de la résilience des médias (MSI-RES)
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Ces dernières années ont été marquées par une détérioration constante de la viabilité et de la durabilité des modèles économiques traditionnels des médias d’information. Au siècle dernier, les entreprises de médias étaient principalement financées par les recettes publicitaires, bénéficiant ainsi d’un marché de l’audience et de la publicité biface. Toutefois, la concurrence accrue dans le domaine de la publicité numérique a mis à mal ce modèle qui, pendant près d’un siècle, a apporté une solution à la question du financement du journalisme d’intérêt public. Plus récemment, les journaux et les services audiovisuels ont été confrontés à une forte diminution des recettes publicitaires,
en raison de la montée en puissance de nouvelles plateformes numériques concurrentes sur le marché de la publicité, associée à une diminution de la volonté de payer compte tenu de l’abondance d’informations gratuites en ligne.

Fortement touchés par ces changements structurels, les médias sont devenus plus vulnérables aux crises multiples et aux chocs extérieurs. Ces dernières années, les médias d’information ont été confrontés à des crises perpétuelles et multiples, allant d’une crise économique générale, parfois exacerbée par l’évolution d’autres marchés tels que le marché de l’énergie qui influe sur le coût de la vie, à des chocs plus systémiques tels que la pandémie de coronavirus et l’invasion russe à grande échelle de l’Ukraine. La résilience des médias d’information dépend donc de leur capacité à survivre en temps de crise - et pas seulement à survivre, mais à poursuivre leurs activités journalistiques et à faire face aux menaces et aux défis. Pour être en mesure d’assurer un revenu financier dans ce contexte, les médias d’information ont besoin de modèles économiques durables qui leur permettent de remplir leur mission démocratique.

Ce rapport rassemble les bonnes pratiques en matière de viabilité des médias au niveau national. L’analyse de certaines tendances dans les États membres du Conseil de l’Europe peut aider à prévoir les scénarios futurs et à envisager des politiques médiatiques propres à assurer la viabilité et la pluralité des médias dans un paysage médiatique en mutation. Pour ce faire, le rapport décrit les tendances pertinentes dans le secteur des médias d’information, en soulignant les conditions qui limitent ou stimulent la viabilité de l’industrie des médias d’information et les bonnes pratiques en matière de financement des médias d’information.