Combating hate speech - Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)16 and explanatory memorandum (2022)

The Recommendation starts from the premise that hate speech is a deep-rooted, complex and multi-dimensional phenomenon. It poses a direct threat to democracy and human rights. Increasingly present online and offline, it not only undermines individuals’ essential rights and fundamental freedoms, but it also humiliates and marginalize targeted individuals and groups.

The recommendation provides a working definition of Hate Speech which distinguishes different levels in accordance to their gravity and calls for implementing adequately calibrated and proportionate measures. Member states are invited to adopt an effective legal and policy framework covering criminal, civil and administrative law, and to set up and implement alternative measures, including awareness-raising, education, the use of counter and alternative speech. States are also encouraged to set up support mechanisms to assist those targeted by hate speech, conduct monitoring and engage in international co-operation and national co-ordination.

Guidance is also provided to other relevant stakeholders playing a crucial role to deliver comprehensive strategies to prevent and combat hate speech, including public officials, elected bodies and political parties, internet intermediaries, media and civil society organisations.