LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY1. SCOPE OF ARTICLE 23(3) OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON ACTION AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS
1.1. Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime (ETS No. 141)
1.2. Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime and on the Financing of Terrorism (CETS No. 198)
1.3. European Union legislation
2. CONTENT OF THE GENERAL OBLIGATION UNDER ARTICLE 23(3) OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON ACTION AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS
2.1. Obligation to carry out financial investigations
2.2. Obligation to allow the use of special powers and techniques with respect to financial investigations
2.3. Obligation to freeze or seize rapidly property which is liable to confiscation
2.4. Obligation to confiscate assets linked to trafficking or to otherwise deprive traffickers of such assets
2.5. Obligation to “otherwise deprive” perpetrators of the instrumentalities and proceeds of trafficking offences
2.6. Obligation to ensure proper management of frozen or seized property
2.7. Obligation to prosecute and punish money laundering activities linked to trafficking in human beings
2.8. Obligation to engage in international co-operation for the purpose of investigations and confiscation
3. REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE 23(3) BY STATES PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON ACTION AGAINST TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS
3.1. Obligation to carry out financial investigations
3.2. Obligation to freeze, seize and confiscate assets linked to trafficking in human beings
3.3. Obligation to ensure proper management of assets linked to human trafficking
3.4. Obligation to engage in international co-operation for the purpose of investigating and confiscating criminal assets
4. RECOMMENDATIONS
Measures to improve financial investigations in cases of trafficking in human beings
Measures to improve the use of special powers and techniques with respect to financial investigations
Measures to make better use of financial investigators and financial investigation units
Measures to improve the freezing, seizure and confiscation of criminal assets linked to trafficking in human beings
Measures to improve the proper management of frozen or seized assets
Measures to improve the prosecution and punishment of money laundering offences linked to trafficking in human beings
Measures to improve co-operation on investigations, freezing and confiscation
Measures to improve data collection
APPENDICES
Appendix I - List of sources
Appendix II - List of States Parties to the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (CETS No. 197)
Appendix III - List of States Parties to the Council of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime (ETS No. 141)
Appendix IV - List of States Parties to Council of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime and on the Financing of Terrorism (CETS No. 198)
